FTX STOLE BILLIONS! Customers FUNDED EXECUTIVE LOANS AND VENTURES!

SEC v. Caroline Ellison, Zixiao “Gary” Wang, Nishad Singh — U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Litigation Release No. 26450, dated December 19, 2025.

The SEC charged former FTX executives Caroline Ellison, Zixiao “Gary” Wang, and Nishad Singh for their roles in a scheme that defrauded FTX investors. The executives allegedly misrepresented FTX as a safe platform while secretly diverting over $1.8 billion in customer funds to Alameda Research for trading and other purposes. Ellison, Wang, and Singh have consented to final judgments, agreeing to permanent injunctions and officer-and-director bars.

In Plain English

Imagine you trusted a friend to keep your money safe in a special piggy bank. But secretly, your friend took money from your piggy bank and gave it to another friend to play with, telling everyone else your piggy bank was super secure. That's what happened here, but with a lot more money and a digital currency exchange called FTX. The people in charge of FTX told investors their money was safe, but they actually took over $1.8 billion from customers and gave it to a related company, Alameda, to use for risky investments and personal use. Now, three former FTX leaders have agreed to stop doing this and face penalties.

Disclaimer: all facts are drawn from the SEC's own filings; the claims described are allegations unless and until a court rules or the parties settle, and some cases end in dismissal.

How the Alleged Scheme Worked

  1. Misleading Investors About Safety From at least May 2019 through November 2022, Samuel Bankman-Fried and FTX falsely claimed to investors that FTX was a safe crypto asset trading platform. They specifically advertised sophisticated automated risk mitigation measures designed to protect customer assets.
  2. Concealing Alameda's Privileged Status FTX also told investors that Alameda, a crypto asset hedge fund owned by Bankman-Fried and Wang, was merely another platform customer. This representation deliberately hid Alameda's special relationship and privileges with FTX.
  3. Exempting Alameda from Risk Controls In reality, Bankman-Fried, Wang, and Singh, with Ellison's knowledge and consent, exempted Alameda from FTX's risk mitigation measures. This allowed Alameda to operate without the safety protocols applied to other customers.
  4. Creating a 'Line of Credit' Funded by Customers The defendants provided Alameda with a virtually unlimited 'line of credit.' This credit was not funded by Alameda itself but was instead drawn directly from FTX's customer funds, effectively using customer assets to finance Alameda's operations.
  5. Diverting Customer Funds Through Software Wang and Singh, as FTX's Chief Technology Officer and Co-Lead Engineer respectively, created the specific software code within FTX. This code enabled the diversion of FTX customer funds directly to Alameda, facilitating the illicit transfer of assets.
  6. Using Misappropriated Funds for Trading Caroline Ellison, as CEO of Alameda, used these misappropriated FTX customer funds for Alameda's trading activities. This meant that the risky trades conducted by Alameda were being financed by money that belonged to FTX's customers.
  7. Directing Hundreds of Millions More Samuel Bankman-Fried, with the knowledge of Ellison, Wang, and Singh, further directed hundreds of millions of dollars more in FTX customer funds to Alameda. This continued the flow of illicitly obtained assets to the hedge fund.
  8. Funding Venture Investments and Loans These diverted funds from FTX customer accounts were then used by Alameda for additional venture investments and 'loans.' These loans were given to Bankman-Fried and other FTX executives, including Wang and Singh, further enriching insiders with stolen customer money.

The Enforcement Action

SEC Obtains Final Consent Judgments Against Two Former FTX Executives and a Former Alameda Executive. Today the SEC filed proposed final consent judgments in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York as to Caroline Ellison, the former CEO of Alameda Research Ltd. (a subsidiary of Alameda Research LLC (Alameda)), Zixiao (Gary) Wang, the former Chief Technology Officer of FTX Trading Ltd. (FTX), and Nishad Singh, the former Co-Lead Engineer of FTX. The SEC’s complaints—filed against Ellison and Wang in December 2022, and against Singh in February 2023—alleged that, from at least May 2019 through November 2022, Samuel Bankman-Fried and FTX raised more than $1.8 billion dollars from investors by falsely claiming FTX was a safe crypto asset trading platform with sophisticated automated risk mitigation measures to protect customer assets, and by telling investors that Alameda, a crypto asset hedge fund owned by Bankman-Fried and Wang, was just another platform customer with no special privileges. In reality, as alleged in the complaints, Bankman-Fried, Wang, and Singh, with Ellison’s knowledge and consent, had exempted Alameda from the risk mitigation measures and provided Alameda with a virtually unlimited “line of credit” funded by FTX’s customers. The complaints also alleged that Wang and Singh created FTX’s software code that allowed FTX customer funds to be diverted to Alameda, and that Ellison used misappropriated FTX customer funds for Alameda’s trading activity. According to the complaints, Bankman-Fried, with the knowledge of Ellison, Wang, and Singh, directed hundreds of millions of dollars more in FTX customer funds to Alameda, where these funds were used for additional venture investments and “loans” to Bankman-Fried and other FTX executives, including Wang and Singh. Without denying the Commission’s allegations, Ellison, Wang, and Singh consented to the entry of final judgments, subject to court approval, in which they agreed to be permanently enjoined from violating the antifraud provisions of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 thereunder and Section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, and to 5-year conduct-based injunctions. Ellison also consented to a 10-year officer-and-director bar, and Wang and Singh consented to 8-year officer-and-director bars. The SEC’s litigation was conducted by Amy Burkart. The investigation was conducted by Ms. Burkart, Devlin Su, Ivan Snyder, David S. Brown, Brian Huchro, and Pasha Salimi under the supervision of Laura D’Allaird and Amy Flaherty Hartman of the Enforcement Division’s Cyber and Emerging Technologies Unit and Michael Brennan.

Named in this action: Caroline Ellison, Zixiao “Gary” Wang, Nishad Singh.